Keywords
power system
local area network
total vector error
time synchronization
PMU
WAMS
How to Cite
Abstract
In this paper, the total vector error (TVE) of the estimated phasor is assessed for different local area network (LAN) access environments defined in Standard IEEE C37.118.1-2011, and the critical role of accurate time synchronization for synchrophasor technology is investigated. Phasors synchronized to absolute time constitute the foundation of phasor measurement units (PMUs), which are widely used for power system monitoring. The TVE assessment is performed for three local network models – CSMA/CD, CSMA/AMP, and switched Ethernet – taking into account standardized network bandwidth (BW) values of 0.1, 1, and 10 Gbit/s in accordance with Standard IEC 61850-9-2:2011, as well as the number of network nodes. A methodology for evaluating the impact of internal and external PMU measurement errors on the performance of critical wide-area monitoring system (WAMS) applications is analyzed, including disturbance localization, oscillation detection, and dynamic line rating (DLR). The analysis results demonstrate that TVE is highly sensitive to the type of local area network and the number of nodes, while the accuracy of time synchronization remains a significant challenge affecting the reliability of WAMS applications. Ref. 10.
References
1. Stognii B.S., Sopel M.F. Fundamentals of monitoring process in electroenergy. About the concept of monitor-ing process. Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika. 2013. No 1. Pp. 62–69. (Ukr) URL: https://techned.org.ua/index.php/techned/article/view/1142/1016
2. Kyrylenko O.V., Stognii B.S., Denysiuk S.P., Sopel M.F. Smart-monitoring of electrical power systems. Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika. 2024. No 5. Pp. 48–62. (Ukr) DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/techned2024.05.048
3. Steinmetz C. P., Theory and calculation of alternating current phenomena vol. 4: McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc., 1916. https://archive.org/details/theorycalculation00steirich/page/6/mode/2up
4. IEEE 1344-1995 IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8684605/amendments#amendments
5. IEEE C37.118.1-2011 IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Measurements for Power Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6111219
6. Phadke A. Synchronized phasor measurements in power systems. IEEE, Computer Applications in Power, 1993. Vol. 6. Pp. 10–15. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/207465
7. IEC 61850-9-2:2011 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 9-2: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) - Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3 https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6023
8. Denysiuk S.P., Sopel M.F., Spodynskyi O.V., Dovhodko Y.M. Synchrophasors in Modern Power Systems: Definition, Measurement, and WAMS Architecture. Scientific bulletin of Tavria State Agrotechnological Uni-versity, 2025. Vol. 15, No. 2 Т. 15(2). Pp. 181–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2220-8674-2025-15-2-21
9. Bielokha H.S., Denysiuk S.P., Derevianko D.H., Zhuikov V.Y., Sopel M.F., Spodynskyi O.V. SMART Monitor-ing of the Operational Efficiency of Local Electric Power Systems. Odesa: Galvetika Publishing House, 2025. 280 p.
10. Blinov I.V., Denysiuk S.P., Lezhniuk P.D., Ushchapovskyi K.V., Slobodian R.O., Kozachuk O.I., Miroshnyk V.O., Spodynskyi O.V. Digital Transformation of the Electric Power Industry of Ukraine: Implementation under Martial Law and Post-War Recovery. Odesa: Galvetika Publishing House, 2024. 362 p.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 B.S. Stognii, O.V. Spodynskyi